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¦b¥xÆW¾Ç^¤å¡A«Ü®e©ö¥H¬°¾Ç¤åªk¥Dnªº¥Øªº´N¬OÀ³¥I¦Ò¸Õ¡C¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¤åªknµo´§¸Ó¦³ªº¥\¥Î¡A´Nn¬¡¥Î¤~¦æ¡C¦b¤µ¦~¨t¦C¤å³¹ªº³Ì«á¤@½g¡A§Æ±æµ¹ÅªªÌ¤@¨Ç«Ü¹ê¥Îªº¤u¨ã¡AÅý^¤åªº¥Dn°Êµü®ÉºA¯àÂ÷¶}¦Ò³õ¡Aº¯¤J§Aªº^»y¤é±`·|¸Ü¸Ì¡I
²{¦b¦¡ Present
^¤å©Ò¿×ªº¡u²³æ²{¦b¦¡¡v¡]¤]¥s¡u²{¦b²³æ¦¡¡v¡^simple present¡A³Ì¦³¯S¦âªº¦a¤è¬O¡A³q±`¥¦®Ú¥»´N¤£¬O¤°»ò¡u²{¦b¦¡¡v――¦Ó¥B¤]¨Ã¤£¡u²³æ¡v¡I¬°¤°»ò·|¦W¤£²Å¨ä¹ê©O¡H¨ä¹ê¡A¾ú¥v¤W²³æ²{¦b¦¡´¿¸g¦³¹L²{¦b¦¡ªº¥\¯à¡A¥u¬O®É¶¡¤[¤F¡A^»y¤º³¡µo¥Í¤F¤@³s¦êªºÅܤơA¨Ï±o²{¦b¦¡¦³¤F·sªº¸àÄÀ»P¾A¥Î½d³ò¡A¨ä¤¤³Ì«nªº¨âÂI¬O¡G
1. ±`ºA¡B²ßºD©Ê¡B¸g±`µo¥Íªº¨Æ¤~¥Î²{¦b¦¡¡A³o¤]¥]¬A to be¡]¦p to exist, to live¡^»P to have¡]¦p to possess, to own¡^¤@Ãþªº°Êµü¡A¨Ò¦p¡G“He takes a short nap after lunch every day.ÈГThe sun rises in the east.ÈГDust collects really fast when the windows are open.ÈГHe gets nervous around other people.ÈГShe eats fast.ÈГHe's here!ÈГShe has time now.ÈСC¥Ø«e¥¿¦b¶i¦æ¤¤ªº¨Æ¡A½Ð¤£n¥Î²{¦b¦¡¡I³q±`n¥Î²{¦b¶i¦æ¦¡¡A ¨Ò¦p¡A¡u¤U«B¤F¡C¡v¤£n»¡¦¨*“It rains.ÈСAÀ³¸Ó»¡ “It's raining.ÈСC¥t¥~n¤p¤ß¡A¦pªGnÁ¿®É¶¡¤w¸g«ùÄò¦h¤[ªº¸Ü¡A¤£¯à¥Î²{¦b¦¡¡An§ï¥Î²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p¡G*“I am insales for 17 years.ÈÐÀ³¸Ó»¡¦¨“I have been in sales for 17 years.ÈСC
2. ·P©x°Êµü¥±`¸Ó¥Î²{¦b¦¡¡A³q±`¤£¯à¥Î²{¦b¶i¦æ¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p¡G“It looks good.ÈГThat stew smells wonderful.ÈГHe hears very well.ÈГIt seems unlikely.ÈГHe likes to read detective novels.ÈГShe loves him dearly.ÈСC
²{¦b¦¡ÁöµM¥u¦³²Ä¤T¤HºÙ³æ¼Æ¤~n¥[-s µü§À¡A«Ü¦h¤HÁÙ¬O·|§Ñ°O¥[¡A³o¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°³Q¨ä¥L¤£¥[µü§Àªº¤HºÙ¡uºDÃa¡v¤F¡C«ç¼Ë¸Ñ¨M¡H¥úª¾¹D¤åªk³W«hÁÙ¤£°÷¡An¥ý°µ´X¶gªº¨C¤é¦^µ½m²ß¡A¦Ó¥Bn¦³¨t²Î¡B¦³·NÃѦa¥[±j½m²ß§t¦³-s µü§Àªº²Ä¤T¤HºÙ³æ¼Æ§ÎºA°Êµüªº¥y¤l¡A½m¤@¨â¹Mµ´¹ï¤£°÷¡An½m¨ì¦Û°Ê¤Æ¬°¤î¡C¹ý©³¦Û°Ê¤Æ¤§«á¡A»¡¸Ü¹J¨ì²Ä¤T¤HºÙ³æ¼Æ®É¡A¤£»Ý¸g¹L¤j¸£¡A-s µü§À´N·|¦Û°Ê¶]¥X¨Ó¡C¥xÆWªº»y¤å±Ð¾Ç¸Ì¡A±`¥H¬°À´³W«h´N°÷¤F¡A¤Ó¹L¨Ì¿à¤j¸£ªº²z¸Ñ¡A¹ïµL·NÃÑÀY¸£ªº°V½m·¥«×¤£¨¬¡C¹ê»Ú¤W»y¨¥¾Ç²ß»Ýn¤j¶q«½Æ½m²ß¡A³W«h¤~·|º¯¤JµL·NÃÑÀY¸£¸Ì¡A¦A²Ï®Ú¦¨¬°²ßºD¡CÁÙ¨S¦³ÅܲߺD¤§«e¡A´Nµ¥©ó¡u¤£·|¡v¡A¦]¬°¤j¸£·|¨Ó¤£¤Î³qª¾¼L¤Ún¦h¥[¤@¨âÓµ¡Aµ²ªG¦Wµü¡B°Êµü¡A³q³q³£¥u¥Îì§Î¡C³o´N¬O¬°¤°»ò¨C¤Ñ°µ 10-20 ¤ÀÄÁªº¦^µ½m²ß³o»ò«n¡G¤£°µ¡A´NµLªk§âµL·NÃÑÀY¸£°V½m¨ì¦ì¡A¤]´N¥u¯àÁ¿¥X§éÄ˹ï¤èªº“broken EnglishÈСC
²{¦b¦¡ÁÙ¦³¤@Ӯɦӷ|¹J¨ìªº¥Îªk¡A´N¬O©Ò¿×ªº¡u±Ôz²{¦b¦¡¡vnarrative present¡A¤]¥s¡u¾ú¥v²{¦b¦¡¡vhistorical present¡C¹L¥hªº¨Æ¡A·Ó²z»¡À³¸Ó¥Î¹L¥h¦¡¨Óªí¹F¡A¤£¹L¡A¼g¬G¨Æ©Î¤p»¡®É¡A§@ªÌ¦³®É·|¨è·N¿ï¥Î²{¦b¦¡¡A¥Øªº¬Oµ¹ÅªªÌ¤@ºØ²{³õ·P¡A¨Ò¦p¡G“He picks up the phone and dials the number on the paper. No one answers.ÈСC¹J¨ì³oºØ¥Îªk¡A³Ì¦n´N§â¥¦·í¹L¥h¦¡¬Ý¡C¦]¬°©È¦³ªº¤H§â¡u±Ôz²{¦b¦¡¡v·í²z¥Ñ¤£¦n¦n½m¹L¥h¦¡¡A«Øij¾Ç²ßªÌºÉ¶qÁקK¨Ï¥Î¡A¥®É¯à¬ÝÀ´´N¦n¡C
¶i¦æ¦¡ Progressive
¤@¯ë²{¦b¶i¦æ¤¤ªº°Ê§@À³¥H²{¦b¶i¦æ¦¡ present progressive ¨Óªí¹F¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥Î²³æ²{¦b¦¡¡]·P©x»P±`ºA°Êµü°£¥~¡^¡Cn°O±o¥Îbe ªº¥¿½T§ÎºA¡A«á±ªº°Êµü¥[¤W-ing µü§À¨Óºc¦¨²{¦b¤Àµü present participle¡A¨Ò¦p“I'm working on my report now, so I can't talk long.ÈСC¤]n¯d·N¤£n§â²{¦b¶i¦æ¦¡¡A¥Î¦b¸Ó¥Î²³æ²{¦b¦¡¡Bì§Î¡B¤£©wµü©Î¨ä¥L°Êµü§ÎºAªº¦a¤è¡A¨Ò¦p *“I want to learn how to riding ( → to ride) a bicycle.ÈÐ ©Î*“I can doing ( → do) everything myself.ÈÐ
¹L¥h¶i¦æ¦¡ past progressive ¬O¥Î¨Ó«ü¤§«e«ùÄò¤@¬q®É¶¡ªº¨Æ¡A¨Ò¦p“He was taking a shower when the phone rang.ÈСC¦pªG¬Oªø®É¶¡¤@ª½«½Æªº¨Æ¡A´Nn¥Îused to+ °Êµüì§Î¡A¨Ò¦p“I used to eat meat, but then became a vegetarian after seeing a lamb being slaughtered.ÈСC²Ä¤@¥y¤£¥i¥H¥Î*“He used to shower when...ÈСA²Ä¤G¥y¤]¤£¯à¥Î*“I was eating meat, ...ÈСC¹L¥h¶i¦æ¦¡©M used to + °Êµüì§Î³£·N¨ýµÛ²{¦b³o¨Ç¨Æ¤w¸g¨S¦³¦b¶i¦æ¤¤¡A©Îì¨Ó±`µo¥Íªº¨Æ¤w¸g°±¤î¡A¤£¦Aµo¥Í¤F¡C
»Ýnµy·L¯d·Nªº¬O¡AÁöµM²{¦b¶i¦æ¦¡»P°Ê¦Wµügerund ¦P¼Ë³£¬O¥Ñ -ing §ÎºAªº°Êµüºc¦¨ªº¡A¥i¬O¨âªÌ~µM¤£¦P¡G«eªÌ¬O°Êµü¡A¤]±`¦³§Î®eµüªº¥\¯à¡A¨Ò¦p“a flying objectÈСF«áªÌ¬O¦Wµü¡A«e±¥i¥H¥[«aµü¡A¼Æ¦rµ¥¡C¨Ò¦p“He's walking across the field right now.Èи̡A“walkingÈЬO²{¦b¤Àµü¡A¥i¬O¦b“Walking is good for you.ÈФ@¥y¤¤¡A“walkingÈЬO¥Dµü¡A¤]´N¬O°ÊµüÃþªº¦Wµü¡A©Î¡u°Ê¦Wµü¡v¡C½Æ¦X¦Wµü«µn©À¹ïªº¸Ü¡A¥²¶·n¯à§â²{¦b¤Àµü»P°Ê¦Wµü¤À¿ë²M·¡¡]¨£·|°T73 ´Á¡^¡C¥t¥~n¯d·N¡A¤]¦³¤£¤Ö¦³ -ing µü§À«o¤£¬O°Ê¦Wµüªº¤@¯ë¦Wµü¡A¹³ clothing, morning, evening, wedding, bedding, outing, wording, plumbing, sibling µ¥¡C
¥¼¨Ó¦¡ Future
ÄY®æ¨Ó»¡¡A^¤å¨S¦³¤@Ó¹³¹L¥h¦¡§¹¥þ¡u¤åªk¤Æ¡vªº¥¼¨Ó¦¡ future tense¡A¥u¦³´XÓ¤ñ¸û±N´Nªº¥y«¬»P¥Îªk¡C¤j®a³Ì¼ô±xªºÀ³¸Ó¬O
1. ±¡ºA§U°Êµüwill+ °Êµüì§Î¡Cwill ì¥ýªº·N«ä¬O“wantÈСu·Qn¡B¦³·N§Ó¡v¡A¥¼¨Ó¦¡ªº¥Îªk¬O«á¨Ó¥Ñ¦¹ºtÅÜ¥X¨Óªº¡Awill ¨ä¹ê¤]ÁÙ³¡¤Àºû«ùµÛ¡u¦³·N§Ó¡vªºì·N¡A«Ü¹³¤¤¤å¸Ìªº¡un¡v¡G¤]¦³¡u·Qn¡v¤Î¡u±Nn¡B§Ön¡v¨âºØ¤£¦P¤S¬ÛÃöªº·N«ä»P¥Îªk¡C¥¼¨Ó¦¡¥Îªº will¡A³q±`¬O¹ï¥¼¨Ó°µ¹w´ú®É¤~¥Î¡A¨Ò¦p¡G“It will be sunny tomorrow.ÈС]§ÚÅ¥¹L¤Ñ®ð¹w³ø¡^©M“He'll attend the event this evening.ÈС]¥L¦b¦W³æ¤W¡^¡C²Ä¤@¤HºÙ³æ¡B½Æ¼Æ¦³®ÉÔ¤]¥i¥H¥Î shall ³oÓ±¡ºA§U°Êµü²Õ¦¨¥¼¨Ó¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p “Shall we go?ÈСA±`¦³¡u´£¥X«Øij¡vªº·N¨ý¡A¤£¹L²{¦b¡A¤×¨ä¦b¬ü¦¡^»y¸Ì¡A¤w¸g«Ü¤Ö¥Î¡Cnªí¹F¥¼¨Ó¦¡¡A°£¤F will, shall ¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³
2. to be going+ ¤£©wµü¡C³o³q±`¥NªíµÛ¬Y²{ªp¡B·N¹Ï©Î³y¦]ªº¦ÛµMµ²ªG¡A¨Ò¦p¡G“She's going to be a big sister next month.ÈС] ¦]¬°¶ý¶ýÃh¥¥¤F¡^ ©M“There's going to be trouble.ÈС]¦]¬°§Ú¤w¸gÆ[¹î¨ì¦³¤H¥Ç³W¡^¡C
3. ¶i¦æ¦¡§ÎºA¦³®É¤]¥i¥H·í¥¼¨Ó¦¡¥Î¡A³q±`·N¨ýµÛ¸Ó¨Æ°µ¹L¨Æ¥ý¦w±Æ©Î³W¹º¡A¨Ò¦p¡G“We're having breakfast together Wednesday morning.ÈÐ ©M“I'm getting my hair cut tomorrow.ÈСC
4. ²{¦b¦¡¦³®É¤]¥i¥H·í¥¼¨Ó¦¡¥Î¡A³q±`¥u¥Î©ó«D±`½T©wªº¨Æ±¡¤W¡A¨Ò¦p“School starts next week.ÈСC
5.³Ì«á¡A¤£©wµü infinitive ¥»¨¤]±`¦³¥¼¨Óªº·N«ä¡A¨Ò¦p¡G“That's for you to find out.ÈСu³o¨Æ¦³«Ý§A¦Û¤v [ ¥¼¨Ó] ¥hµo²{¡C¡vÁöµM¦³¤£¤Ö¥i¥Hªí¥Ü¡u¥¼¨Ó¡vªº¤£¦P°Êµü§ÎºA¡A¤£¹L¡A¦U¦³¦Uªº¾A¥Î½d³ò――¨C¤@Ó¤]³£n¦n¦nª`·N»P½m²ß¡I
²³æ¹L¥h¦¡Simple Past »P²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡Present Perfect
²³æ¹L¥h¦¡simple past »P²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡present perfect ¤@¼Ë³£¥Î¨Ó«ü¹L¥h©Òµo¥Íªº¨Æ¡C³Ì¤jªº¤£¦P¬O¡A²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡©Ò«üªº¨Æ±¡³q±`ÁÙ«ùÄò¨ì²{¦b¡A©Î¹ï©ó²{¦bÁÙ¬O¦³¼vÅT¤O©Î«n©Ê¡C¤Ï¤§¡A¥Î²³æ¹L¥h¦¡®É¡A·|Áp·Q¨ì¤§«e©Òµo¥Íªº¨Æªº¬Y¤@Ӯɶ¡ÂI¡A¦]¦¹¥i¥H¸ò®É¶¡¡BÁÙ¦³¦a¤è¡B¤è¦¡µ¥°Æµü¤ù»y¨Ã¥Î¡C¥Î²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡®É¡A§Ú̳ÌÃö¤ßªº¬O¨Æ±¡¨ì©³µo¥Í¤F¨S¦³¡H¹ï©ó³o¨Æ±¡¤°»ò®ÉÔ¡B¦bþÓ¦aÂI¡B¥H¤°»ò¤è¦¡µo¥Íªº¡A¼È®É¤£Ãö¤ß¡A ¨Ò¦p¡A §Ú»¡“I've broken my leg.ÈÐ ®É¡A§Ú¦b¦V§A«Å¥¬§Aì¨Ó¤j·§¤£ª¾¹Dªº¤@¥ó¤j¨Æ¡A¥i¬O§Ú¨S´£¤°»ò®É¶¡¡B¦aÂI¡Bì¦]¡A¦]¬°³o¨Ç¦b³oӮɨè¬Û¹ï¤£«n¡A»L¤W»q¥Û»I±o¥Î©ä§ú¥N¨B¡A³o¤~«n¡I ¤Ï¹L¨Ó¡A ·í§Ú»¡“I broke my leg yesterday.ÈЮɡA§A¥i¯àª¾¹D§Ú¬Q¤Ñ·Ç³Æ¥h·Æ³·¡A²{¦b§i¶D§A¦³¥ó¨Æ¦b¬Y¤@Ó¯S©wªº®É¶¡µo¥Í¡C¨ä¹ê¡A¤¤¤å¤]¦³Ãþ¦ü¹L¥h¦¡©M§¹¦¨¦¡ªºÄYÂ԰ϧO¡G¤¤¤åªº¡u§¹¦¨¦¡¡v±`¥H¡u¤F¡v¦r¼Ð¥Ü¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¡u§Úªº¤â¿ö±¼¤F¡C¡v“I've lost my watch.ÈС]¥YÅã¥X±¼¿ö³o¥ó¨Æ¡^¡C¡u¡]§A¬O¡^¦bþ¸Ì±¼ªº¡H¡v“Where did you lose it?ÈСu¡]§Ú¬O¡^¦b¾Ç®Õ¡]±¼ªº¡^¡C¡v“(I lost it) At school.ÈСC¥Î¡u¡]¬O¡^……ªº¡vªº¥yºc®É¡A©¹©¹¬O¦b°Ý©Î¥æ¥N¨Æ±¡¬O¦b¤°»ò®É¶¡¡B¦aÂIµ¥µo¥Íªº¡A¸ò^¤å¥Î¹L¥h¦¡ªº³W«h«D±`Ãþ¦ü¡C¤¤¤å¸Ì¡A¥D°Êµü«á¥[¡u¹L¡v¡A¤]±`±`·|¹ïÀ³¨ì^¤åªº²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p¡u§AŪ¹L¨º¥»®Ñ¶Ü¡H¡v“Have you read that book?ÈСu¨S¦³¡]Ū¹L¡^¡C¡v“No, I haven't (read it).ÈСC¡]¤¤¤å¸Ìªº¡u¤F¡v±`ªí¥Ü¤w§¹¦¨©Î¦³¤F·sÅܤƪºª¬ªp¡F¡u¹L¡v¥Î¨Ó¼Ð¥Üµo¥Í¹L¦Ü¤Ö¤@¦¸ªº¨Æ¡C¡^¦bÅ¥©ÎŪ^¤å®É¡An¶}©l¯S§Oª`·N¤°»ò±¡ªp¥Î¹L¥h¦¡¡A¤°»ò±¡ªp¥Î²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡¡A«Øij§A¦P®É¤]·Q¤@¤U¡A½¦¨¤¤¤åªº¸Ü¡A¨ì©³n¥Î¡u¤F¡v¡B¡u¹L¡vÁÙ¬O¡u¬O…ªº¡vªº¥y«¬¡H¤£¬O¨C¤@¥y¸Ü³£¯à¤¬¬Û¹ïÀ³±o³o»ò¾ã»ô¡A¤£¹L¡A³o¤èªkÁÙ¬O«Ü¦³°Ñ¦Ò»ùÈ¡A¥i¥HÅý§A¤ñ¸û»´ÃP¦a¤F¸Ñ^»yªº¹L¥h¦¡»P²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡¤£¦Pªº¾A¥Î½d³ò¡C¤d¸U¤£n¥´½k¶î¥M¡A¥H¬°Å¥À´¤F°Êµüªº°ò¥»»y·N¡A¤£¥Î¥hª`·N¥¦ªº®ÉºA¡A´N¥i¥H¤F¨Æ¡A®ÉºA¥»¨¤]¦³¤£®e»´©¿ªº»y·N¡I
¹L¥h§¹¦¨¦¡ Past Perfect
³\¦h¾Ç²ßªÌ¦n¹³¹ï¹L¥h§¹¦¨¦¡past perfect¦³«Ü¤jªº»~¸Ñ¡A¥H¬°¬JµM²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡¬O«ü²{¦b¤§«eµo¥Íªº¨Æ¡A¨º»ò¡A¹L¥h§¹¦¨¦¡²zÀ³¬O«ü«Ü¤[«Ü¤[¥H«eµo¥Íªº¨Æ¡C¿ù¤F¡I¹L¥h§¹¦¨¦¡¦³®É©Ò«üªº¨Æ±¡¥u¦³´X¤ÀÄÁ«e¤~µo¥Íªº¡C«ÂI¬O¡A¹L¥h§¹¦¨¦¡µL½×¦p¦ó¤£¯à³æ¿W¨Ï¥Î¡A¤@©wn¸ò¥t¤@Ó²³æ¹L¥h¦¡°Êµü¨Ã¥Î¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦³Ó¤H¤w¸g´N·~¡A·Pı¤j¾Ç®É¥N«Ü»»»·¡A»¡“I had attended university in the US.ÈСC¦]¬°¥L¨S¦³´£¨ìŪ¤j¾Ç¤§«á©Òµo¥Íªº¥t¤@¥ó¨Æ±¡¡A¨Ó°µ¨âªÌ¦b®É¶¡¶¶§Ç¤Wªº¹ï¤ñ¡A©Ò¥H³o¥y¸Ü¬O¿ùªº¡C¦pªG«ÂI¬O¥L¡uŪ¹L¡v¤j¾Ç¡A¨º´NÀ³¸Ó¥Î²{¦b§¹¦¨¦¡¡G“I have attended university.ÈСF¦pªGn±j½Õ¥L¬O¦b¤°»ò®ÉÔ¡B¤°»ò¦a¤èŪ¤j¾Çªº¡A¨º´NÀ³¸Ó¥Î¹L¥h¦¡¡G“I attended university in the US after I finished high school.ÈСC¥i¬O·í§A·Q»¡¡A¦b¥t¥~¤@¥ó¨Æ¡]¨Ò¦p²¾¥Á¬ü°ê¡^µo¥Í¤§«e¡A§A¦´N¤w¸g¦b¬ü°êŪ§¹¤j¾Ç¡A³oÓ®ÉÔ¹L¥h§¹¦¨¦¡¤~¾A¥Î¡A¨Ò¦p¡G“I had already attended university in the US before I moved there permanently in 2010.ÈСC
¥H¤W¥u¬O^»y°Êµü®ÉºA²µu°ò¥»ªº¤¶²Ð¡C·Qn§ó²`¤J¦a¤F¸Ñ^¤å°ÊµüºØºØ§ÎºAªº¥¿½T¨Ï¥Îªk¡A¦b¦¹±ÀÂˤ@¥»¦n®Ñ¡GGeoffrey N. Leech ©Ò¼gªºMeaning and the English Verb¡C
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