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          ¦b¥»´Á·í¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì¥ý¨Ó½Í½Í¦p¦ó§â¥ý«e´£¹Lªº±Ð¾Çºë¯«¡A¹B¥Î¦b¡uÅ¥¤O¡vªº±Ð¾Ç©Î¬O½m²ß¬¡°Ê¤¤¡C¶Ç²Î±Ð«Ç¤ºªºÅ¥¤O½m²ß¸Ì¡A¦Ñ®v±`±`­n¾Ç¥Í²âÅ¥­µÀÉ©ÎÆ[¬Ý¼v¤ù¡A¥H¦¹°V½m¾Ç¥ÍªºÅ¥¤O¡C·íµM¡A«Ü¦h³£¬O¨Ó¦Û¥Í¬¡¤¤ªº»y®Æ©Î¬OÀÀ¯u»y®Æ (authentic listening materials)¡C¦ý¬O¡A³o¼Ëªº±Ð¾Ç©Î½m²ß»y®Æ¡A¶È¯à¦b¾Ç¥Í¦³¾Ç²ß°Ê¾÷ªº±¡ªp¤U¡]Ä´¦p»¡¡A¥»¨­¹ï­^¤å¦³¿³½ì¡A©Î¬O¹ï¸Ó¹ï¸Ü¥DÃD¦³¿³½ì¡^¡A¤~¯à±Ò°Ê¾Ç¥Íªº¡u»y¨¥ª¾ÃÑ¡v¾÷¨î¡]¥h¤F¸Ñ¦Ñ®v²{¦b¼½©ñªº¤º®e¦b»¡¤°»ò¡^¡A¦ý¬O¨Ã¤£«OÃÒ¯à°÷±Òµo¾Ç¥Íªº¡u»{ª¾¾÷¨î¡v¡C¦Ü©ó­n«ç»ò°µ¤~¯à±Ò°Ê¾Ç¥Íªº»{ª¾¾÷¨î¡H§Ú­Ì¥i¥H±q¥H¤U´X­Ó»{ª¾µo²{»P¬ã¨sµo²{¤¤¡A±o¨ì¤@¨Ç±Òµo¡C

          ¨Ì·ÓElvis Wagner»PPaul Toth©ó 2014 ¦~¦b¡m¥~»y±Ð¾Ç¦~Ų(Foreign Language Annals)¡n¤¤ªº½×­z¡A·í±Ð®v¦b½Ò°ó¤W¼½©ñ¡u·Ó½Z°á¡vªº§¹¬üÀÀ¯u»y®Æ®É¡]¦p¡G¤@¯ë®Ñ°Ó©Ò´£¨Ñªº CD¡^¡A¾Ç¥Í±o¨ì¤F²@µL·å²«ªº¥i²z¸Ñ»y®Æ(comprehensible scripted input)¡F¨S¦³¥ô¦ó°±¹y¡B¨S¦³¥ô¦ó­«­z¡B¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¤£²M·¡ªº³s­µµ¥¡C¥i¬O¦b³o¼Ëªº²âÅ¥Àô¹Ò¤U¡A¬OµLªk¥þµMÀ°§U¾Ç¥Í°V½m¦n¡B·Ç³Æ¦nÀ³¥I²{¹ê¥@¬É¤¤ªº²âÅ¥¡C²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤¤ªº²âÅ¥»y®Æ¤º®e©¹©¹¬O¥Rº¡¡uÂø­µ¡vªº¡G¥]§t²³¦hªº°±¹y (pauses)¡B­«­z (repetition)¡B¿ðºÃ(hesitation)¡B³s­µ(co-articulation)¡BÂئr¡B¤£²M´·µ¥¤£§¹¬üªº²âÅ¥¤º®e¡C³o¼Ë¥Rº¡¡uÂø­µ¡vªº¤£§¹¬ü»y®Æ¡A«o©¹©¹«Ü¤Ö¨Ï¥Î¦b½Ò°ó¤WªºÅ¥¤O°V½m·í¤¤¡C»y¨¥¦Ñ®v¦b½Ò°ó¤W±`±`¤j¶q¨Ï¥Î§¹¬üªº²âÅ¥»y®Æ¡A³Ð³y¤@­Ó¦r¦r²M´·ªº²Ä¤G»y²âÅ¥°V½mÀô¹Ò¡C¦ý¬OElvis Wagner¤ÎPaul Toth±j½Õ¡A­Y¬O¶È¶È´£¨Ñ¾Ç¥Í§¹¬ü¡B²M´·ªº²âÅ¥»y®Æ¡]°á½Z¡^¡A±NµLªk°V½m¥~»y¾Ç²ßªÌªº¦Õ¦·¡A¥h¾AÀ³²{¹ê¥@¬É¤¤ªº¤£§¹¬ü²âÅ¥Àô¹Ò¡A¦Ó§Î¦¨´î·l(undercutting)¥L­ÌÅ¥¤Oªº¤Ï¦V±Ð¾Çµ¦²¤¡C

          §ó­«­nªº¬O¡A³o¼Ëªº§¹¬ü²âÅ¥»y®ÆµLªk¦³®Ä¦a¿Eµo¾Ç¥Í¡A¦b²âÅ¥»y®Æ®É¨Ï¥Î»{ª¾¾÷¨î¡C¦b¨S¦³¿Eµo»{ª¾¾÷¨îªº±¡ªp¤U¡A¾Ç¥Íªº²âÅ¥´N¥u¯à¨Ì¿à¥L­Ìªº»y¨¥ª¾ÃÑ¡C¦¹®É¡A¨S¦³¾Ç²ß°Ê¾÷©Î»y¨¥µ{«×¤£¦nªº¾Ç¥Í¡A²âÅ¥¤W´N·|¨ü¨ì­t­±¼vÅT¡A¥L­Ìªº²âÅ¥´N¶È¶È¬Ohearing¡]¥ª¦Õ¶i¥k¦Õ¥X¡^¡A¦Ó«Dlistening¡]»{¯u¦a²âÅ¥¡^¡C¦³¦Wªº»y¨¥±Ð¾Ç¾ÇªÌDavid Nunan (2015)¡A´N´¿¦bTeaching English to Speakers of Other Languages ³o¥»®Ñ¤¤±j½Õ¡G“Listening (practice) is (and should be) an active listening process.ÈС]Å¥¤Oªº°V½m»P½m²ßÀ³¸Ó¬O¡u¥Î¤ß¡vªº¥D°Ê²âÅ¥¡^¡FNunan§ó¶i¤@¨B±j½Õ¡G“Listening is not the same as hearing. Hearing will not necessarily activate students' schemata.ÈС]¤£·|©Î¬O¤£¯à¤Þµo¾Ç¥Í²âÅ¥ªº»y®Æ¡A¬OµLªk±Ò°Ê©Î¬O¿Eµo¾Ç¥Í»{ª¾»P¥ý³Æª¾ÃѪºÅ¥¤O¬¡°Ê¡^¡C

          ¨º»ò°ÝÃD¨Ó¤F¡A­n¦p¦óÀç³y¤@­Ó¯à±Ò°Ê»{ª¾¾÷¨îªº listening¡]¦Ó«D hearing¡^ªº²âÅ¥Àô¹Ò©O¡H¤W­zElvis Wagner¤ÎPaul Toth (2014) ªº½×ÂI¡A´£¨Ñ¤F¤@­Ó¥i¯àªº«ä¦ÒÂI¡C¥L­Ì±j½Õ¡A«D·Ó½Z°áªº¤é±`¦ÛµM¹ï¸Ü©Î½Í¸Ü¿ý­µ(unscripted listening materials)¡A¤~¬O¯à°÷À°§U¾Ç¥Í¼W¶iÅ¥¤Oªº¦³®ÄÅ¥¤O±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê¡C«ç»ò»¡©O¡H§Ú­Ì³£¦³¦b¹ËÂøªºÀô¹Ò¤¤¡]¦p¡G°Ñ¥[ party ®É¡^¸ò§O¤H¹ï¸Üªº¸gÅç¡A¦b³o¼Ë§n¾x¡]¤£§¹¬ü¡^ªº²âÅ¥Àô¹Ò¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì±`±`¦³¨âºØ¸gÅç¡G(1)¬°¤FÅ¥À´¹ï¤è¦b»¡¤°»ò¡A·|¤£¦Û¥D¦a§ó§V¤O©Î§ó¥Î¤O¥hÅ¥¹ï¤è¦bÁ¿¤°»ò¡F(2)¦b¦¹±¡ªp¤U¡A§Y¨Ï«Ü§V¤O¦a»EµJ¦b¹ï¸Üªº¤º®e¡A§Ú­ÌÁÙ¬O·|¤£¸g·NÅ¥¨ì­I´º¤¤¨ä¥L¤H½Í¸Ü¤º®eªº¤@¨ÇÃöÁä¦r¡C³o¨â­Ó¸gÅç§i¶D§Ú­Ì¡A¶V¬O¦b¤£§¹¬üªº²âÅ¥Àô¹Ò¤¤¡A¬°¤FÅ¥À´¡A§Ú­Ì¤~§ó¦³¥i¯à»Eºë·|¯«¦a¥h²âÅ¥ (listening)¡A¤]¦]¬°²âÅ¥»y®Æªº¤£§¹¬ü¡A§Ú­Ì¤~§ó¦³¥i¯à¥D°Ê¥h§Q¥Î¦UºØ¤wª¾ªº¥ý³Æª¾ÃÑ¡]©Î¬O¥Í¬¡¸gÅçªk«hµ¥»{ª¾¾÷¨î¡^¨Ó²q´ú¡B²z¸Ñ¹ï¤è¦bÁ¿¤°»ò¡]Ä´¦p»¡¡A¦b²âÅ¥¹Lµ{¤¤¡A§Q¥Î¹ï¤èªº°±¹y¨ÓÁr´úÂ_¥y¡B¤Á¦rªº³æ¦ì¡F©Î¬O§Q¥Î«e«á¤å¨Ó·Q¿ìªkÅ¥À´´X­Ó³s­µªº³æ¦r·N²[¡^¡C ­Y¬O§¹¬üªºÀÀ¯u°á½Z»y®Æ (scripted listening materials)¡A¨C­ÓÂ_¥y°±¹y¤§³B³£¬Oºë·Ç¦a¸¨¦b¥y§À¡A¨C­Ó¦r³£¬O¦r¦r²M´·¡A³o®É¾Ç¥Í¤Ï¦Ó¤£¨£±o·|¥h±Ò°Ê«D»y¨¥ªº»{ª¾¾÷¨î¡C·í»{ª¾¾÷¨î±Ò°Ê®É¡A»y¨¥¾Ç²ßªÌ¤~¦³¥i¯à¥Î»{ª¾¥hÀ±¸É»y­µª¾ÃѤWªº¤£¨¬¡]¨Ò¦p¦r·J¤£°÷¡^¡A¶i¦ÓÅ¥¨ì§ó¦h¡]³o¸ÑÄÀ¤F¦b¹ËÂøªº¹ï¸ÜÀô¹Ò¤U¡A§Ú­Ì¬°¤°»òÁÙÅ¥±o¨ì­I´º¤¤¥L¤Hªº¹ï¸Ü¡^¡C

          ¦ý¬O­n±j½Õªº¬O¡A³oÃä¨Ã¤£¬O§i¶D¦Ñ®v­Ì¡A¥u¯à´£¨Ñ¾Ç¥Í«D·Ó½Z°áªº¤é±`¦ÛµM¹ï¸Ü(unscripted listening materials)¡A§ó¤£¬O­n§i¶D¤j®a®Ñ°Ó´£¨Ñªº CD ©Î¬O­µÀɵ¥¡]¦r¦r²M´·ªº°á½ZÀÀ¯u»y®Æ¡^¬O¤£¹ïªº¡C¹ï©óªì¾ÇªÌ¡A§Ú­ÌÁÙ¬O­n´£¨Ñ¥L­Ìµo­µ²M´·ªº²âÅ¥¿é¤J»y®Æ (prescriptive models)¡C³o¸Ì·Q¶Ç»¼ªº°T®§¬O¡G°£¤F³o¨Ç¦r¦r²M´·ªº²âÅ¥»y®Æ¤§¥~¡A§Ú­Ì¤]­n¦P®É´£¨Ñµ¹¾Ç¥Í¡A¦ÛµM¦ý¤£§¹¬üªº²âÅ¥»y®Æ¡C¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¦r¦r²M´·ªº²âÅ¥»y®Æ»P§Y®É«D°á½Z¡]¥Rº¡Âø­µ¡^ªº¦ÛµM»y®Æ¡A¨âªÌ¬O¦P¼Ë­«­nªº¡C¦P®É´£¨Ñ¾Ç¥Í¨âºØ¤£¦P©Ê½èªº²âÅ¥»y®Æ¡A·|Åý¾Ç¥Íªº¦Õ¦·§ó¾AÀ³²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤¤¦UºØ²âÅ¥ª¬ªp¡C­Y¥Ã»·³£¶È¥Î¨ä¤¤¤@ºØ¡A¨Ò¦p¥Ã»·³£¬O²âÅ¥¦r¦r²M´·ªº½Ò¤å¼½©ñ­µÀÉ¡A¥u·|³y´N¾Ç¥Í¬D­çªº¦Õ¦·¡C¾A®É¦a´£¨Ñ¦ÛµM«D°á½Zªº²âÅ¥»y®Æ¡A¤~¯àÀ°§U¾Ç¥Í¥´¶}¥L­Ìªº¦Õ¦·¡A»{¯u¥h²âÅ¥¡C

          ³o¸Ì´£¨Ñ¦Ñ®v­Ì¥i¹B¥Î¦b±Ð¾Ç²{³õªºÅ¥¤O¬¡°Ê¡G(1)¿ï¨ú¦ÛµM«D°á½Zªº¦ÛµM²âÅ¥»y®Æ¡]YouTube©Î¬O VoiceTube¤W¦³«Ü¦h³o¼Ëªº¤º®e¡^¡A­Y¾Ç¥Í¤w¯à»´©ö¦a¾r¶¿³o¨Ç»y®Æ¡A¦Ñ®v«h¥i§ó¶i¶¥¦a¦b¾Ç¥Í²âÅ¥®É¡Aµyµy¥h¾ÞÁa¤@¤U¾Ç¥Íªº²âÅ¥Àô¹Ò¡A¨Ò¦p¼W¥[­I´ºÂø­µ¡]¦p¡GÀç³y¤@­ÓÃþ¦ü°Ñ¥[ party ®É²âÅ¥ªº­I´º¹ï¸Ü¡^¡F©Î¬O(2)¦b²âÅ¥²M´·ªº°áŪ»y®Æ®É¡A¼W¥[­I´ºÂø­µ¡]¦p¡G¦b¾Ç¥Í²âÅ¥²Ä¤G»y®É¼½©ñ­µ¼Ö¡A²£¥Í¤@­ÓÃþ¦ü¦b®a»P¥L¤H¹ï¸Ü¡A­I´º¦³­µ¼Ö©Î¬O·s»D¼s¼½ªº²âÅ¥Àô¹Ò¡^¡CµM¦Ó¡A³o¨Ç¹ï©ó²âÅ¥Àô¹Òªº¾ÞÁa¡A·íµM¤£¯à³Ù»«¹Ü¥D¡AÅܦ¨¥þ¬O¾¸­µ¡]Âø­µ¨Ã¤£µ¥©ó¾¸­µ¡^¡A¨ä¥Øªº¦b©ó¡u¾A·í¦a¤zÂZ¡v²âÅ¥Àô¹Ò¡A¿Eµo¾Ç¥Í»{ª¾¾÷¨î¡A³Ð³y§V¤O²âÅ¥ªºÀô¹Ò¡C¦pªG±Ð®v¥u¬O®ø·¥¦aÅý¾Ç¥Íhearing¡A¨º»ò¦A¦h½m²ß³£µLªk­«¶ì¤w¸g¼ô±x¥À»yÁn­µªº¦Õ¦·¡A¯à°÷¦ÛµM¦aÅ¥À´²Ä¤G»y¡C

          §Ú­Ì¦b¤U¤@´Áªº±MÄ椤¡A±N·|¤¶²Ð§ó¦h¥i¯à¥i¥H¿Eµo¾Ç¥Í»{ª¾¾÷¨îªº²Ä¤G»y»y­µ°V½m¬¡°Ê¡C¹ï©ó¦³¿³½ì¤F¸Ñ§ó¦hElvis Wagner¤ÎPaul Toth½×ÂIªºÅªªÌ¡A¥i¥H¦ÜYouTube¿é¤J·j´M¦r¦ê "Elvis Wagner and Paul Toth FLAnnals study video"¡AÆ[¬Ý¼v¤ù«á±N·|¶i¤@¨B»{ÃÑ¥L­Ìªº²z©À¡C

    °Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm¡G Nunan, D. (2015). Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language. New York: Routledge. Wagner, E., & Toth, P.D. (2014). Teaching and testing L2 Spanish listening using scripted vs. unscripted texts. Foreign Language Annals, 47(3), 404-422.

     

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